Folio From A Manuscript Of The Qur'an. Iran, Shiraz, 1550-1575. Ink, Colors And Gold On Paper.
Folio from a Manuscript of the Qur'an. Iran, Shiraz, 1550-1575. Ink, colors and gold on paper.
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Prof. Erol Manisali's Book Chapter about Me
Erol Manisali'nin Hakkımda Kitap Bölümü - Prof. Erol Manisali's Book Chapter about Me - Глава книги профессора Эрола Манисалы обо мне
1. Giriş – Introduction - Введение
Giriş
Rahmetli Prof. Dr. Erol Manisali (28/7/1940-29/10/2022) 2018 yılında yayınlanan kitaplarından birinde benim hakkımda bir bölüm yazmıştı; Kitabın adı 'Yolumun Kesiştiği Ünlüler'. Bu yeniden yayında, okuyucular art arda aşağıdaki materyali bulacaklar:
1- Türkçe, İngilizce ve Rusça kısa giriş,
2- bölümün metni (Türkçe),
3- resim olarak bölüm sayfaları ve kitap kapağı,
4- bölümün İngilizce çevirisi,
5- bölümün Rusça çevirisi,
6- Türkçe olmayan okuyucular için açıklayıcı notlar (İngilizce ve Rusça),
7- kitap tanıtımı ve verileri (Türkçe, İngilizce ve Rusça olarak),
8- Prof. Manisali'nin kitap bölümünde bahsettiği makalelerime ve kitaplarıma bağlantılar ve
9- Prof. Manisali ile ilgili biyografik notlara ve ölüm ilanlarına bağlantılar.
Mevcut sunum tüm bölümlerinde üç dillidir.
Introduction
In one of his books (published in 2018), the late Prof. Dr. Erol Manisali (28/7/1940-29/10/2022) wrote a chapter about me; the book title is 'Celebrities I crossed in my Path'. In the present re-publication, readers will successively find the following material:
1- the brief introduction in Turkish, English and Russian,
2- the text of the chapter (in Turkish),
3- the chapter pages and the book cover as pictures,
4- the English translation of the chapter,
5- the Russian translation of the chapter,
6- explanatory notes for non-Turkish readership (in English and Russian),
7- book presentation and data (in Turkish, English and Russian),
8- links to my articles and books mentioned by Prof. Manisali in his book chapter, and
9- links to biographical notes about Prof. Manisali and obituaries.
The current presentation is trilingual in all its parts.
Введение
В одной из своих книг (опубликованной в 2018 году) покойный профессор доктор Эрол Манисалы (28.07.1940-29.10.2022) написал обо мне главу; название книги - «Знаменитости, которых я встретил на своем пути». В настоящем переиздании читатели последовательно найдут следующий материал:
1- краткое введение на турецком, английском и русском языках,
2- текст главы (на турецком языке),
3- страницы главы и обложка книги в виде картинок,
4- английский перевод главы,
5- русский перевод главы,
6- пояснения для нетурецких читателей (на английском и русском языках),
7- презентация книги и данные книги (на турецком, английском и русском языках),
8- ссылки на мои статьи и книги, упомянутые профессором Манисалы в главе его книги, и
9- ссылки на биографические заметки о профессоре Манисалы и некрологи.
Текущая презентация является трехъязычной во всех ее частях.
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2. Prof. Cosmas Megalommatis'in dramı
Prof. Cosmas Megalommatis, Fransa ye Almanya'da hem tarih hem arkeoloji doktoralari yapmış, Yunanistan, Kıbrıs, Mısır ve ABD'de öğretim üyeliği olan, Türkçe dahil 15 dil bilen bir deha.
Nasıl mı tanıştık? 1980'1erin ortası ... Aylık İngilizce Middle East Business and Banking dergisini çıkarıyorum; yurtiçi ye yurtdışından yazılar geliyor.
Dr. Andrew Mango'dan Alman profesor Werner Gumpel'e, Doğan Kuban'dan Mümtaz Soysal'a kadar iktisadi, siyasi, sosyal, kiiltiirel yazılar geliyor ye yayımlıyorum.
Dr. Cosmas Megalommatis isimli bir Yunanlıdan Iran üzerine bir makale gelmış; değerli buluyorum ye yayımlanıyor. Daha sonra birkaç yazı daha geliyor.
Birkaç ay sonra kendisi derginin bürosuna geliyor, tanışıyoruz. Çok ilginç bir insan. Bana hikâyesini de anlatıyor. Atina Üniversitesinde asistan kadrosunda; Paris'te bir Fransız profesörle uzun çalışmalar yapıyor; "Hellenizm yoktur, oryantalizm vardır," içerikli bir çalışma ortaya çıkıyor.
Atina'da bir yayıneviyle anlaşıyor, basılacak. Ancak Atina Patriği'nin haberi oluyor ve Atina Üniversitesi rektörüne rnektup yazarak. Dr. Megalommatis'i üniversiteden attırıyor.
Dr. Cosmas çok kızıyor ye Yunanistan'ı terk ediyor. Hatta patriğe kızgınlığından Ortodoks mezhebinden ayrılarak Kahire'de Müslüman oluyor.
Ben bütün bunları gönderdiği yazılar dergide yayımlamdıktan çok sonra öğreniyorum. Levent'deki evime ziyarete geliyor. Sonra KKTC'deki bazı profesör arkadaşlar aracılığıyla Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi'nde öğretim üyeliğine başlıyor.
Bu arada 1991-1992'de benim Girne'de düzenlediğim konferansta, Türkiye ve Balkanlar konusunda tebliğ sunuyor. Bu geniş kapsamlı tebliğ, Kıbrıs Araştırmaları Vakfı tarafından kitap olarak 1992'de yayımlanıyor.
Bir sure sonra Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi'nde sebebini bilmediğim nedenlerden dolayı ayrılmak zorunda kalıyor ve Istanbul'a dönüyor.
Sık sık Levent'e bana geliyor. Halit Refiğ'le arası iyi, bir anlamda başımıza kalıyor. Bir Halit'te, bir bende.
Sonra Kahire'deki Fransız Arkeoloji Enstitüsü'nde çalışmaya başladığını öğreniyorum. Birkaç yıl sonra ABD'ye göçüyor ve bir üniversiteye kapağı atıyor.
Birkaç defa e-mail atıyor, temasımız çok sınırlı.
2007 yılında Türkiye'deki cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerine bir iki hafta kala Beyazit'ta Iktisat Fakültesi'ndeki odamdayım.
Bölüm asistanı Levent, heyencanla, kapıyı dahi vurmadan içeri dalıyor; "Erol Hoca bak bak, Prof. Cosmas Megalommatis Amerika'da seni yazmış". "Benim cumhurbaşkanı adayım Erol Manisalı" başlıklı uzun bir makale, bilgisayar çıktısı elimde. Kendi sayfasında yayınlamış ve bir iki yerel gazete tarafından iktibas edilmiş (www.americanchronicle, ID=24752).
Güler misiniz ağlar misiniz …. Beni gönlünde ve kafasında öyle yüceltmiş ki üstelik, hiç de önemsemediğim bir yere otutmuş.
Beni övdüğü için değil ama hayatımda karşılaştığım, ilginç bölgesel tezleri olan, biraz uçuk da olsa bir "daha"yı, "ünlü olmasa bile ilginç ve önemli kişi"yi, yolumun kesiştikleri arasına aldım.
Bu tür insanlar çok azınlıkta kalsalar bile yeni görüşlerin gizli öncüleri olmuşlardır.
Üstelik Prof. Megalommatis, 15 dünya dilini derinliğine bilen bir akademisyen.
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3. Bölüm sayfaları ve kitap kapağı - Chapter pages and the book cover - страницы главы и обложка книги
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4. Prof. Cosmas Megalommatis' drama
Prof. Cosmas Megalommatis prepared two doctorates in History and Archeology, in France and Germany,
He is a genius, who taught in Greece, Cyprus, Egypt and the USA, and speaks 15 languages, including Turkish.
How did we meet? Mid 1980's ... I publish the monthly English magazine Middle East Business and Banking; articles are coming from home and abroad.
From Dr. Andrew Mango to German professor Werner Gumpel, from Doğan Kuban to Mümtaz Soysal, I receive and publish economic, political, social and cultural articles.
An article on Iran came from a Greek named Cosmas Megalommatis; I found it valuable and it was published. A few more articles followed.
A few months later, he came to the magazine's office and we met. He was a very interesting person. He also told me his story. He belonged to the cadre of assistants at the University of Athens; he had been doing long studies with a French professor in Paris; a study with the content "There is no Hellenism, there is Orientalism" emerged.
He contracted with a publishing house in Athens; the study would be published. However, the Patriarch of Athens was informed and he wrote a letter to the rector of the University of Athens. Dr. Megalommatis is kicked out of the university.
Dr. Cosmas got very angry and left Greece. He even became a Muslim in Cairo by leaving the Orthodox sect, out of anger at the patriarch.
I learned about all these developments long after the articles that he sent were published in the magazine. He came to visit me in my house in Levent1. Then, through some friends, who were professors in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, he started his teaching career at Eastern Mediterranean University.
By the way, he presented a paper on Turkey and the Balkans at the conference that I held in Girne2 in 1991-1992. This comprehensive paper was published as a book by the Cyprus Studies Foundation in 1992.
After a while, he had to leave the Eastern Mediterranean University for reasons I don't know, and he returned to Istanbul.
He often came to me in Levent. He was on good terms with Halit Refiğ3, and in a way he was up to us. Once in Halit's; once in my house.
Then, I learned that he started working at the French Archaeological Institute in Cairo. A few years later, he immigrated to the USA and went to a university.
He sent e-mails a few times; our contact was very limited.
One or two weeks before the 2007 presidential elections in Turkey, I was in my office at the Faculty of Economics in Beyazit4.
My Department assistant, Mr. Levent5, burst in excitedly, without even knocking on the door; "Professor Erol, look! Prof. Cosmas Megalommatis wrote about you in America". I have a long article titled "My presidential candidate is Erol Manisalı", a computer printout. Published on its own page and quoted by a few local newspapers (www.americanchronicle, ID=24752)6.
Would you laugh or cry …. He exalted me so much in his heart and mind that he made me sit in a place that I didn't care at all about.
Not because he praised me, but for having encountered in my life a man with regionally interesting approaches, albeit somewhat eccentric, an interesting and important person, who crossed my path, I included him in this book, although he is not famous.
Such people, though very few, have been the secret pioneers of new ideas.
Moreover, Prof. Megalommatis is an academic who has deep knowledge of 15 world languages.
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5. Драма профессора Космы Мегаломматиса
Профессор Космас Мегаломматис подготовил две докторские степени по истории и археологии во Франции и Германии.
Он гений, который преподает в Греции, на Кипре, в Египте и США и говорит на 15 языках, включая турецкий.
Как мы познакомились? Середина 1980-х ... Я издаю ежемесячный английский журнал Middle East Business and Banking; Статьи поступают из дома и за рубежом.
От доктора Эндрю Манго до немецкого профессора Вернера Гумпеля, от Догана Кубана до Мюмтаз Сойсал, я получаю и публикую экономические, политические, социальные и культурные статьи.
Статья об Иране была написана греком Космасом Мегаломматисом; Я нахожу это ценным, и оно опубликовано. Далее еще несколько статей.
Через несколько месяцев он приходит в редакцию журнала, и мы встречаемся. Он очень интересный человек. Он также рассказывает мне свою историю. Он принадлежит к числу ассистентов Афинского университета; он долго учился у французского профессора в Париже; появляется исследование с содержанием «Нет эллинизма, есть ориентализм».
Заключен контракт с издательством в Афинах, оно будет опубликовано. Однако Патриарх Афин был проинформирован и написал письмо ректору Афинского университета. Доктора Мегаломматиса выгнали из университета.
Доктор Космас очень злится и уезжает из Греции. Он даже стал мусульманином в Каире, выйдя из православной секты, из гнева на патриарха.
Обо всех этих событиях я узнал уже давно после того, как статьи, которые он присылал, были опубликованы в журнале. Он пришел навестить меня в моем доме в Левенте1. Затем через друзей, которые были профессорами в Турецкой Республике Северного Кипра, он начал свою преподавательскую деятельность в Университете Восточного Средиземноморья.
Кстати, он выступал с докладом о Турции и Балканах на конференции, которую я проводил в Гирне2 в 1991-1992 годах. Этот всеобъемлющий документ был опубликован в виде книги Фондом кипрских исследований в 1992 году.
Через некоторое время ему пришлось покинуть Восточно-Средиземноморский университет по непонятным мне причинам, и он вернулся в Стамбул.
Он часто приезжал ко мне в Левент. Он был в хороших отношениях с Халитом Рефигом3 и в чем-то нам подчинялся. Однажды у Халита; однажды в моем доме.
Потом я узнал, что он начал работать во Французском археологическом институте в Каире. Через несколько лет он иммигрировал в США и поступил в университет.
Он отправил электронные письма несколько раз; наши контакты были очень ограничены.
За одну или две недели до президентских выборов 2007 года в Турции я был в своем кабинете на экономическом факультете в Беязите4.
Мой ассистент, господин Левент5, взволнованно ворвался, даже не постучав в дверь; «Профессор Эрол, смотрите! Профессор Космас Мегаломматис писал о вас в Америке». У меня есть длинная статья под названием «Мой кандидат в президенты — Эрол Манисалы», компьютерная распечатка. Публикуется на собственной странице и цитируется несколькими местными газетами (www.americanchronicle, ID=24752) 6.
Вы бы смеяться или плакать .... Он так возвеличил меня в своем сердце и разуме, что заставил меня сесть на место, которое меня совершенно не заботило.
Не за то, что он хвалил меня, а за то, что встретил в своей жизни человека с регионально интересными подходами, хотя и несколько эксцентричного, интересного и важного человека, перешедшего мне дорогу, я включил его в эту книгу, хотя он и не известен.
Такие люди, хотя и очень немногие, были тайными пионерами новых идей.
Кроме того, профессор Мегаломматис является академиком, обладающим глубоким знанием 15 языков мира.
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6. Notlar - Notes - Примечания
Notes for non-Turkish readership in English & Russian:
1. Levent is a district in Istanbul.
2. Girne was also known as Keryneia.
3. Halit Refiğ (1934-2009) was one of Turkey's foremost film directors, film producers, screenwriters and writers.
4. Beyazit is a district in Istanbul.
5. Levent is also a Turkish personal name for men.
6. The correct link would be: https://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/24752
However, the site was hacked and closed down 2014.
Примечания на английском и русском языках (для нетурецких читателей):
1. Левент – район в Стамбуле.
2. Гирне также была известна как Кириния.
3. Халит Рефиг (1934-2009) был одним из ведущих турецких режиссеров, продюсеров, сценаристов и писателей.
4. Беязит — район в Стамбуле.
5. Левент также является турецким личным мужским именем.
6. Правильная ссылка: https://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/24752.
Однако в 2014 году сайт был взломан и закрыт.
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7- Kitap tanıtımı ve verileri - Book presentation and data - Презентация книги и данные книги
Prof. Manisali'nin kitabının adı:
Prof. Manisali's book title:
Название книги профессора Манисалы:
Erol Manisalı, Yolumun Kesiştiği Ünlüler
Erol Manisali, Celebrities I crossed in my Path
Эрол Манисалы, Знаменитости, которых я встретил на своем пути
Kitap hakkında
Prof. Dr. Erol Manisalı akademik çalışmaları sırasında ve yazarlık yaşamı boyunca tanıştığı yerli-yabancı ünlü simalarla ilgili anılarını paylaşıyor. Siyasetçiler, sanatçılar, bilim insanları, işadamları, Manisalı’nın gözlem gücünün süzgecinden geçerek, Türkiye’nin yakın tarihinde bıraktıkları izlerle yer alıyorlar Yolumun Kesiştiği Ünlüler’de.
Bülent Ecevit’ten Kirk Douglas’a, Süleyman Demirel’den Vehbi Koç ve Sakıp Sabancı’ya, Turgut Özal’dan Attila İlhan’a, Mümtaz Soysal’dan İlhan Selçuk’a, General Franco’dan Zekeriya Öz’e açılan yelpazede pek çok ismin adeta resmi geçit yaptığı elinizdeki kitap, hem bir anılar demeti, hem de yakın dönem siyaset notları niteliği taşıyor.
Yolumun Kesiştiği Ünlüler, Avrupa Birliği’yle ilişkileri, Kıbrıs sorununu, Ergenekon operasyonlarını, din sömürüsü ve darbeleri, Erol Manisalı’nın ilk kez dile getirdiği gerçekler ve yaşanmışlıklar temelinde yeniden yorumluyor.
"Yolumun kesiştiği ünlü kişiler ile olaylar arasındaki bağlar bazen üzücü bazen de trajikomik özellikler içeriyor. Bunları kamuoyuna aktarmadığım takdirde, ortaya çıkmaları mümkün olmayacaktı. Sadece benim hafızamda saklı kalmalarını istemedim".
About the book
Prof. Dr. Erol Manisalı shares his memories of famous local and foreign faces he met during his academic studies and throughout his writing life. Politicians, artists, scientists, businessmen take their place in 'Celebrities I crossed in my Path' with the traces they left in Turkey's recent history, passing through the filter of the observation power of Manisalı.
From Bülent Ecevit to Kirk Douglas, from Süleyman Demirel to Vehbi Koç and Sakıp Sabancı, from Turgut Özal to Attila İlhan, from Mümtaz Soysal to İlhan Selçuk, from General Franco to Zekeriya Öz. The book in your hand, in which many names have made an official parade, is both a bundle of memories and notes on recent politics.
'Celebrities I crossed in my Path' reinterprets the relations with the European Union, the Cyprus problem, the Ergenekon operations, religious exploitation and coups based on the facts and experiences that Erol Manisalı first voiced.
"The ties between the famous people I crossed with and the events sometimes contain sad and sometimes tragicomic features. If I did not make them public, they would not have been possible. I just didn't want them to remain hidden in my memory".
О книге
Профессор доктор Эрол Манисалы делится своими воспоминаниями об известных местных и иностранных лицах, с которыми он встречался во время учебы и на протяжении всей своей писательской жизни. Политики, художники, ученые, бизнесмены занимают свое место в «Знаменитости, которых я встретил на своем пути» со следами, которые они оставили в новейшей истории Турции, пройдя через фильтр наблюдательной силы Манисалы.
От Бюлента Эджевита до Кирка Дугласа, от Сулеймана Демиреля до Вехби Коча и Сакипа Сабанджи, от Тургута Озала до Аттилы Ильхана, от Мюмтаза Сойсала до Ильхана Сельчука, от генерала Франко до Зекерии Оз. Книга в вашей руке, в которой многие имена сделали официальный парад, представляет собой одновременно пачку воспоминаний и заметок о недавней политике.
«Знаменитости, которых я встретил на своем пути» переосмысливает отношения с Европейским Союзом, кипрскую проблему, операции «Эргенекон», религиозную эксплуатацию и перевороты на основе фактов и опыта, которые впервые озвучил Эрол Манисалы.
«Связи между известными людьми, с которыми я пересекался, и событиями иногда содержат печальные, а иногда и трагикомические черты. Если бы я не обнародовал их, они были бы невозможны. Я просто не хотел, чтобы они оставались скрытыми в моей памяти».
Kitap verileri / Book data / Данные книги
KIRMIZI KEDİ YAYINEVİ
Yayın Tarihi: 19.03.2018
ISBN: 9786050980936
Dil: TÜRKÇE
Sayfa Sayısı: 120
Cilt Tipi: Karton Kapak
Kağıt Cinsi: Kitap Kağıdı
Boyut: 13.5 x 19.5 cm
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RED CAT PUBLISHING HOUSE
Release Date: 19.03.2018
ISBN: 9786050980936
Language Turkish
Number of Pages: 120
Binding Type: Paperback
Paper Type: Book Paper
Size: 13.5 x 19.5 cm
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ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО КРАСНЫЙ КОТ
Дата выхода: 19.03.2018
ISBN: 9786050980936
Язык Турецкий
Количество страниц: 120
Тип переплета: Мягкая обложка
Тип бумаги: Книжная бумага
Размер: 13,5 х 19,5 см
---------------------------------------------
8. Prof. Manisali'nin kitap bölümünde bahsettiği makalelerime ve kitaplarıma bağlantılar - Links to my articles and books mentioned by Prof. Manisali in his book chapter - Ссылки на мои статьи и книги, упомянутые профессором Манисалы в главе его книги
Prof. Manisalı ile ilgili yazdığım yazının linkleri:
Links to my article about Prof. Manisali:
Ссылки на мою статью о профессоре Манисалы:
![Erol Manisali for President of Turkey (18th April 2007) - [DOCX Document]](https://64.media.tumblr.com/b1fe1889d22e1e7ad00ceee4b67e5839/a6ac1736a8f0d038-57/s1280x1920/579ae1d8d0fc10cbc7afa4624eca3eda7e5cf436.jpg)
Prof. Manisali'nin kitabının bölümünde adı geçen konuşmamın ve kitabın yayınlandığı linkler:
Links to the publication of my speech and the book that are mentioned in the chapter of the Prof. Manisali's book:
Ссылки на публикацию моего выступления и на книгу, которые упоминаются в главе книги профессора Манисалы:
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9. Prof. Manisali ile ilgili biyografik notlara ve ölüm ilanlarına bağlantılar - Links to biographical notes about Prof. Manisali and obituaries - Ссылки на биографические заметки о профессоре Манисалы и некрологи
Scythian mummy tomb (Fifth Pazyryk Kurgan), Pazyryk culture 3rd C. BCE. More pictures on my blog, link at bottom.
"The pair were buried alongside nine horses, a huge cache of cannabis and a stash of priceless treasures - including the world's oldest carpet and an ornate carriage.
The man had curly hair and was aged between 55 and 60 when he died, whilst the woman was about ten years younger.
It is believed he was a chieftain or king of the Pazyryk civilisation, which lived in Kazakhstan, Siberia and Mongolia from the 6th to 3rd centuries BC."
...
"The attractive log cabin was a prefabricated construction by the prehistoric Pazyryk culture to house an elite tomb - in which was buried a mummified curly-haired potentate and his younger wife or concubine.
The mound in the Altai Mountains was originally 42 metres in diameter, and this tattooed couple went to the next life alongside nine geldings, saddled and harnessed.
The house itself, recently reconstructed, was not built as a dwelling but nevertheless is seen by archeologists as showing the style of domestic architecture more than two millennia ago.
This structure was the outer of two wooden houses in the large burial mound in the valley of the River Bolshoy Ulagan at an altitude of around 1,600 metres above sea level.
The core of the mound including the ice-preserved bodies of the elite couple had been excavated by Soviet archeologists in 1949, and many of the finds are on on display in the world famous State Hermitage Museum in St Petersburg.
As we have previously written, the pair - who owned perhaps the world’s oldest carpets - are currently undergoing an ultra modern medical scan to establish the cause of death, and reconstruct the appearance of the ancient pair, and to study the techniques of mummification in more detail.
Yet in 1949 this fascinating house was left in the permafrost ground - and only retrieved now from the so-called Fifth Pazyryk Barrow, to the excitement of archeologists.
Head of the excavation Dr Nikita Konstantinov from Gorno-Altaisk State University, was full of admiration about the skills of the ancient craftsmen.
‘We took out the log house and reassembled it right next to the mound,’ he said.
‘We made kind of express reconstruction, which made it possible to study the log house in detail.
‘Notches were made on each of its logs - building marks…’.
This was like IKEA instructions today for building their products, telling modern day excavation volunteers how to correctly construct the prehistoric building kit.
The result is seen in the pictures shown here.
‘This log house was first built somewhere away from the mound, then it was dismantled, brought and reassembled in the pit,’ said Dr Konstantinov.
‘Today we build in similar way, using Roman numerals, as a rule.
‘In those times they simply made different numbers of notches.’
The archeological team followed the code left by the ancient craftsmen and reassembled the house without problems.
‘The Pazyryks knitted the corners of the building in a masterly way and chopped the attachment points of these logs.
‘They fitted very cleanly….
‘When we built the log house and began to measure the height, it turned out that the height difference in the angles is only one centimetre.’
In modern constructions, a difference of 7 cm is allowed which showed how skilful were the ancient craftsmen.
He said: ‘This is a funerary structure, but we can say with a high degree of probability that the log cabin was created in the image and likeness of the houses in which the Pazyryks lived."
-taken from siberiantimes and thesun
World Politics as Black & White: Iran and Israel or how people fall victims of delusions intentionally projected on them
Мировая политика как черное и белое: Иран и Израиль, или как люди становятся жертвами намеренно проецируемых на них заблуждений
To a previous text of mine about Iran, an apparently pro-Iranian and pro-Palestinian reader reacted expressing his fervent support for Iran; however, when it comes to modern states, governments, non-governmental organizations, companies and conglomerates, as well as international bodies, any blind support is totally wrong, misleading and destructive. It actually prevents people from accurately assessing the situation in each and every point. Even worse, when the absurd consideration and the erroneous evaluation of a state is laced with an equally false demonization of the opponent, then people enter into the vast realm of the unreal, the fictional, and the delusional.
Darius I the Great (522-486 BCE) of the Achaemenid dynasty, Khosrow (Chosroes) I (531-579 CE) of the Sassanid dynasty, Adud al-Dawla (949–983) of the Buyid dynasty, and Tahmasp I (1524-1576) of the Safavid dynasty in the dates of their reigns; neither the ayatollahs nor the leader of the self-styled National Council of Iran Reza 'Pahlavi' can represent the colossal historical and cultural heritage of 3000 years of Iranian History. All the same, all the Iranians together and their military commanders in charge of the administration can certainly afford the task.
Содержание
Введение
I. Каждый сектантский подход и каждая сектантская мысль являются порочной ошибкой и нетерпимым поступком
II. Политическая ситуация и международные отношения не определяют природу режимов, правительств и государств
III. Когда дело касается мировых дел, не существует шахматной доски с «черными» и «белыми» клетками
IV. Все СМИ сообщают одну и ту же ложь, меняя только «шахматные наборы»
V. Достоинство иранцев и палестинцев является наиболее спорным вопросом
VI. Вера в обещания, данные врагами, замаскированными под друзей, может оказаться смертельной
VII. Военные и фермеры против королевской семьи и аятолл
VIII. Нет никакой разницы между Ираном и Египтом, когда дело доходит до раболепия по отношению к крупным колониальным схемам
Contents
Introduction
I. Every sectarian approach and every sectarian thought are a vicious mistake and an intolerable act.
II. Political situations and international relations do not define the nature of regimes, governments, and states.
III. When it comes to world affairs, there is no such thing as a chessboard with "black" and "white" squares.
IV. All mass media report the same lies, changing only the «chess sets».
V. The dignity of the Iranians and the Palestinians is a most controversial subject.
VI. Believing promises given by enemies disguised as friends may be lethal.
VII. Military and farmers against the royals and the ayatollahs
VIII. There is no difference between Iran and Egypt when it comes to servility toward major colonial schemes.
Introduction
When it comes to humans, human societies, and states, there is nothing as mistaken as a "black & white" contrast; the people, who intentionally adopt and propagate such an erroneous approach, stance and attitude, become inevitably integral part of the problem they intend to discuss, because they thoughtlessly victimize themselves. Quite unfortunately, all regimes, establishments and states have gone astray and all will be duly, terribly and inescapably punished; in this case, as usual, the exceptions confirm the rule. What follows is my response to the reader's comment that I republish first.
Mauro Meneghin
Your comment against Ayatollah Khomeini appears unclear and not justified. I'm not an expert on the history by any means, but I now see that Ayatollah Khomeini is standing up with honour to defend the sovereignty and dignity of Iran and of the Palestinians. Ayatollah Khomeini is a wise man who uses reason and moderation in his decisions, and his religious approach serves well to provide moral guidance.
If you dislike him, I wonder if maybe it's due to envy because Egypt is a puppet of the US, but instead, Iran is still a sovereign country with honour.
My response
Thank you for your comment that gives me the opportunity to clarify several issues, which trouble and confuse billions of people today. I am sure that you misread and misunderstood my brief text, but this is the least.
I realize that your approach to events is essentially a Manichaean aberration, which divides everything into "good" and "evil" or "black and white"; quite unfortunately, this categorization does not exist. It is an inconsistent and absurd falsehood that has been systematically spread and dexterously imposed worldwide by all ruling elites, secret societies, governments, states, regimes, establishments, and international bodies. They all need you and me (and all the rest) to be stupid enough to believe that some "good guys" combat "the evil ones". This never happens. And anyone who adopts this false and disastrous approach is genuinely incapacitated to ever understand what happens.
An even worse version of this fallacy is the story of "peoples" fighting against "cruel elites" or "poor people" standing up against the "world Mafia of money"; for the purpose of confusing, deceiving and deluding all the people across the Earth, several subliminally strong terms are created, but they are all nonsensical, fallacious and harmful for the average people. It is essential for everyone not to be caught in the malicious process, because its end will be the destruction of the Mankind.
As a matter of fact, few people escape from this mental, intellectual, educational and academic delusion, which is certainly worse than any pandemic. This is so because by means of a technically Manichaean conceptualization, people are fooled, fail to understand what happens around them, and are therefore easily, complementarily and comprehensively controlled by all the forces, which -while fighting against one another- need exactly to spiritually, mentally and intellectually enslave and utilize the masses by reducing them to "followers", "admirers", "supporters", "adepts" or even "party members" and by canceling the enormous potentialities that the non-deceived and non-deluded people have.
You say that Ayatollah Khomeini "is standing" and that he "is wise"! Odd! Ayatollah Khomeini died in 1989! I am afraid that you confusingly thought that I referred to Ayatollah Khamenei, who is currently the imam of Iran. You did not realize that the reference that I made in my text is about the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and not the current imam.
In addition, you speak about "defending the sovereignty" of a country, but this is totally unrelated to the theological concept that Ayatollah Khomeini developed and which I denounced, stating that the notion of "Wilayat al faqih" (conventionally translated as "Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist", in other words, the regime of the ayatollahs) is historically rejected as nonexistent throughout the History of Iran, and the History of Islamic states.
All the same, beyond this rather minor issue, in your comment, I find a most misleading approach that turns every person to a victim of one of this world's major forces and backstage societies. These historical orders have nothing to do with states and do not care at all about countries; they only use governments and international bodies, by incessantly placing their stooges in positions that enable them to duly implement the agendas of their superiors.
So, the main part of my response will revolve around the following points:
I. Every sectarian approach and every sectarian thought are a vicious mistake and an intolerable act.
When it comes to faithful people, it is even worse; any sectarian approach is a grave sin. It greatly damages the person (or government or state) that happens to be foolish enough to believe that their choice is perfect and that the opposite is evil. All people who think that what they like is "good" and what they reject is "bad" are so idiotic that they -in and by themselves- justify the agendas of secret organizations that intend to eliminate the major part of Mankind.
To make things clear, I herewith define sectarianism as an egoistic, partial, narrow-minded, deliberately subjective, and therefore always wrong adherence to a specific idea, thought, opinion, concept, notion, ideology, political ideology, conviction, philosophy, theology, cult, belief, religion or system of values; sectarianism is a very immoral attitude, behavior and model of life anytime anywhere and under any circumstances whatsoever. This is so because it always constitutes a abhorrent sin and a calamitous transgression not to consider another person's, group's, society's, people's or nation's rights, values and standpoints.
Detrimental to anyone against whom it is expressed, a sectarian predisposition automatically prompts support, at least partly, for the concept or idea that is rejected by a sectarian person. Sectarianism is disastrous to everyone who happens to be too weak and too erroneous to avoid succumbing to its attraction; this abhorrent stance discredits every sectarian thinker or activist, religious leader or statesman, rendering him untrustworthy, intransigent and fanatic.
The only possible remedy to sectarianism (within the mind of every sectarian) is a reconsideration and a systematic, forcefully implemented at the personal level, effort to evaluate the other's (any other person's, group's, society's, people's or nation's as per occasion) measures, standards, rights, needs, and values objectively, impartially and neutrally.
At the level of international relations, an abhorrent example of sectarianism (noticed during the past few days) is the attitude of Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and many other states in the region toward the Bedouin citizens of Israel. For reasons particular to them, this ethnic group decided to accept the existence of the Zionist state. All the same, many of them have been mistreated by the Israeli authorities on many occasions. Few days ago, around 50 Bedouin families in Israel were left without homes, because the respective authorities demolished their illegally built edifices.
Yet, building structures wherever they find it opportune has been very common to nomads since time immemorial all over the Earth. However, none of the supposedly "good" states, which care for "justice" and fight for the "rights" of the Palestinians, did not champion the rightful cause of the Bedouins, because they are not their "political tool". About:
Authorities level 47 illegal homes in Bedouin village, leaving hundreds homeless
This fact fully demonstrates that Iran, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and many other states in the region are as criminal, heinous, vicious and unacceptable structures as Israel. Any person and any state that is characterized by sectarianism are totally untrustworthy and genuinely dangerous for the society or the international community (if we ever accept that such notion exists!).
II. Political situations and international relations do not define the nature of regimes, governments, and states.
There is no doubt that the Palestinian nation has been a long time victim of the cruel colonial plans, deeds and practices of England, before being targeted with genocide by the anti-Jewish, Zionist state. But by supporting the Palestinians, Iran (or any other state) does not get the nature of its regime approved; these issues are very different from, and totally unrelated to, one another.
The nature of the Islamic regime of Iran is entirely fraudulent; it is viciously anti-Iranian and even worse, it contradicts all historical standards of Islamic states that existed throughout Iran since the 7th–9th c. CE. Khomeini's absurdity of Wilayat al faqih is a preposterous, colonial novelty masterminded by the English colonials, who invited the young Ruhollah Khomeini to Iraq in the 1930s for studies and managed to aptly guide him as to how to invent a counterfeit concept that is tantamount to Sunnitization of Iran.
As a matter of fact, this deceitful theory consists in a form of political islam, which is a colonial fallacy invented by 19th c. colonial Orientalists as a tool first against the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran. Political islam is the worst enemy of the Islamic world, because Islam has nothing to do with the filthy world of politics, and there had never been 'politics' in any Islamic state.
By acting as per the needs of the apostate Freemasonic lodge of England, which attempts to destroy the (also fake) state of Israel (by means of an alliance with the Jesuits, the Anti-Christian pope Francis I, and a degenerate Zionist synagogue), Iran became the tool of the most ferociously anti-Islamic forces. In any case, since Day 1, the detrimentally anti-Iranian regime of the Ayatollahs has proved to be a useful plaything for the most perverse forces of financial globalism. It must therefore be replaced as soon as possible.
III. When it comes to world affairs, there is no such thing as a chessboard with "black" and "white" squares.
The world is not divided into "good" ones and "bad" ones; Zbigniew Brzezinski's 'The Grand Chessboard' is a fraud. It consists in a historical falsification, a political aberration, and a technically Manichaean delusion. Most of the naïve people who read it did not understand that its purpose was mainly to fool eventually all the readers by projecting onto their minds deliberately invented fallacies. No assertion made in the book is correct. The proof of what I am saying at this point has been available online for many years ever since the notorious and very much publicized meeting between the fraudulent author and the Russian intellectual Alexander Dugin took place in 2005.
"The meeting had been set with a photo-prop of a chessboard placed between Brzezinski and Dugin (to promote Brzezinski’s book). This arrangement with a chessboard prompted Dugin to ask whether Brzezinski considered Chess to be a game meant for two: “No, Zbig shot back: It is a game for one. Once a chess piece is moved; you turn the board around, and you move the other side’s chess pieces. There is ‘no other’ in this game”, Brzezinski insisted".
Strategic cultural fond, https://dzen.ru/a/YkLt_-d9BHIRxNMi
This story tells us something simple; the chessboard exists only if you are naïve enough to accept that it does. In other words, it is a nonexistent reality or, if you prefer, a delusion structured in lines that lead to destruction those who admit that they exist.
IV. All mass media report the same lies, changing only the «chess sets».
In Gaza and elsewhere, the mass media systematic falsehood makes everyone believe that "innocent people" are murdered by "cruel rulers"; this is a central part of the confusion spread in order to drive Mankind to extinction. In fact, there are cruel acts perpetrated by all, but there are no "innocent" or "good" or "enlightened" rulers in today's world. Consequently, this evaluation is extended to governments, states, and international bodies.
The same is valid for peoples, ethno religious groups, and nations indeed. Within the colonial and postcolonial context of the last five centuries, no people and no nation managed to preserve their cultural integrity and national identity; only very few subjugated nations, which are located in remote regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America that are lacking technological infrastructure, make an exception.
Before the colonization process started (in different times from continent to continent and from land to land), all different nations were in variant forms of decay; and during the colonization period, all the peoples and ethnic groups underwent a severe process of Westernization. Because of these facts, one should not exempt peoples from being held to account for their contribution to the onerous and troublesome situation in which they find themselves nowadays.
For this reason, all the news, the reports, the editorials and the fact files published here and there are practically speaking identical; what the Iranian mass media report as news on Israel is equivalent to what the Israeli mass media propagate about Iran and Hamas.
V. The dignity of the Iranians and the Palestinians is a most controversial subject.
In fact, the dignity of every nation hinges on the morality, the dexterity and the ability of their elites and rulers. Many nations have been dishonored, subsequently destroyed, and ultimately vanished because of their immoral and incompetent elites. At the very beginning of every case of decay, there is always immorality – evaluated as per the local standards and values.
When the ignorance of the elites and the rulers, their inability to cope with rivals, and their naivety turns them to mere tools in the hands of the enemies of their enemies, then you can expect the worst! This is so because only strong nations attack enemies directly; on the contrary, weak, vile and perfidious nations that cannot attack directly their enemies search always for fools able to do the job for them. In fact, the nations, which are governed by idiots believing that "the enemy of my enemy can be my friend", risk being disintegrated.
Unfortunately, Iran became -gradually and secretively- the ally of England against Israel; UK-based Muslims are in their majority fake, because they fall into the traps of the English secret services, namely the fallacy of multiculturalism, the fraud of political islam, and the false promises that the colonial statesmen, diplomats and academics often make to their forthcoming victims.
And this is exactly what happened to the Islamic Republic of Iran because the ill-fated state has become the tool of the anti-Israeli, Zionist-Jesuit establishment of the UK and the US. In fact, Iran and Israel have nothing to divide and do not need to be enemies; the silly, anti-Israeli stance of the unrepresentative, religious Iranian authorities caused only harm to their country and people. This becomes evident, if one takes into account the fact that, if tomorrow Israel collapses, Iran will gain practically speaking nothing.
The true forces that clash in the Middle East and in other parts of the world are:
a) the anti-Israeli, globalist, Zionist-Jesuit establishment represented by Vatican, the 'deep state' in the US, President Biden, many EU figureheads that are in striking contrast with earlier European statesmen, former UK premier Boris Johnson, the so-called Neo-cons, the Israeli Left, and -last but not the least- the majority of the top IT companies in the US;
and
b) the pro-Israeli, Freemasonic-Zionist establishment represented by major Oil companies worldwide, former US President Trump, the US Pentagon, few EU figureheads after the end of the tenures of Jacques Chirac and Gerhard Schroeder, notably Victor Orban and Marine Le Pen, Xi Jinping's China, Naredra Modi's India, Benjamin Netanyahu and the Israeli non-religious Right, Elon Musk, and -last but not the least- Putin's Russia.
There are also other major forces and influential societies that I don't mention at this point, but they either side with one of two establishments or stay neutral or inactive to some extent.
Opposite such forces, the Islamic Republic of Iran is an infinitesimal quantity. What naïve people fail to grasp is that, if Iran proved to be able to survive, this is due to the fact that the anti-Israeli, globalist, Zionist-Jesuit establishment made it known to the countries that dealt, cooperated and allied with Iran that they do not mind if they do so to some extent. Iran is a useful instrument to them. Therefore, there is no 'bravery' involved, and the Iranian rulers are typically immoral, cynical and hypocritical - just like their 'enemies'.
In addition, it would be definitely foolish and totally misleading for anyone to eventually imagine (let alone conclude) that sizeable organizations and international bodies can possibly be impenetrable and therefore utilized exclusively by one of the aforementioned two establishments; it is totally inconsiderate to believe that for instance BRICS+, as a group of states, acts as a tool for the interests of only the pro-Israeli, Freemasonic-Zionist establishment. As a matter of fact, the original concept of BRIC is known to have been credited to a major globalist thinker, Jim O'Neill who back in 2001 was chairman of Goldman Sachs Asset Management.
The bottom line is that, under current circumstances, the dignity of the Iranians and the Palestinians is none, because both nations have been fooled by their corrupt elites and leaders. It is very sad, but it is like this, and the same is valid for most of the peoples and the nations across the Earth.
VI. Believing promises given by enemies disguised as friends may be lethal.
Hamas and Gazan Palestinians are in exactly in the same position as the foolish Ukrainians who believed the mendacious discourses of Boris Johnson and every other English governmental and diplomatic filth, only to ruin their own country. Stupid Poles, silly Czechs, and the worthless Baltic elites are about to commit the same lethal error.
As a matter of fact, Iran is not a sovereign state, but a tool of UK's Foreign Office. Iran's dignity has therefore been ridiculed due to impermissible policies that Iran pursued at the international level only for the sake of the English globalist agenda. Crypto-Jesuits, like the former Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs, the notorious Mohammad Javad Zarif, also known as "Boris Johnson's Filipina", infiltrated the Iranian state, killing gallant but unfortunate military and paramilitary officers, who were honest enough not to grasp the filth of Iranian politics.
Only idiots may believe that Sardar (General) Qasem Soleimani (1957-2020) was assassinated by the Americans (3 January 2020) without consent from the ruling ayatollahs whose vengeance against the abhorrent assassination was evidently too pale, too insipid, and too timid. The pathetic theologians, who are genuinely unable to run a government, may have been frightened due to false data 'leaked' to them, as per which Soleimani had been about to undertake a regime change, supplanting the worthless religious dogmatists with military pragmatists. This shows the extent of incapacity that typifies the Islamic Republic, which is a shame for Iran's three millennia long History.
Similar disaster befell on the Palestinians of Gaza. Having known that Hamas was openly and repeatedly supported by Benjamin Netanyahu, Gazans are now being punished for not reacting against the shame of their leadership. Every Palestinian knew very well that Hamas took control of Gaza only with the help of Netanyahu; it would therefore be foolish for any Palestinian to imagine that this deeply immoral act would not lead to an unsurpassed disaster. This is what truly happens now.
While two million people in Gaza lost their properties and currently live in tents, facing starvation, death, and exile, the disreputable Hamas leaders rejoice the lavish environment of their fabulous villas in Qatar. Nice resistance indeed! One should be mentally degenerate and morally dead in order not to understand that it is all an entire theater played at the detriment of all the populations of Palestine irrespective of state, religion, ethnic origin, and ancestry.
VII. Military and farmers against the royals and the ayatollahs
There is certainly a medication to the very preoccupying, current situation in Iran, but by definition it cannot be the son of the last shah of Iran. It is known to all that the family of Mohammad Reza lived in France and America, i.e. in states that were historical enemies of the Iranian Empire. By so doing, they discredited themselves to the eyes of the average Iranians.
Even worse, the infamous claimant to the throne Reza 'Pahlavi' irreparably stigmatized himself as an Iranian and Muslim renegade by shamelessly making known the following: "Just as I defend the rights of every Iranian, I am proud to stand up for the rights of the Iranian LGBTQ community". https://twitter.com/PahlaviReza/status/1723830025374351830
In fact, pretty much like the Islamic Republic of Iran has been a Western colonial forgery that tarnishes indeed 14 centuries of Islamic faith, culture and civilization in Iran, the ill-fated Pahlavi dynasty (1925-1979) was a colonial trick that besmirched 2500 years of Iranian History. The pseudo-kingdom utilized the country's pre-Islamic past in order to fool the masses and to introduce Western concepts and behaviors, instead of aptly modernizing the country and duly empowering its infrastructure while preserving the traditional culture and revivifying the historical heritage after the example of Kemal Ataturk in Turkey.
Even worse, the pseudo-religious regime put in place an alien system, the pseudo-Shia "Islamic republic", which functioned as the ultimate colonial instrument geared for the replacement of the Islamic Iranian culture with a Sunni-styled political activism.
Because of the aforementioned situations, Iran's survival will be guaranteed only by a transient military regime that will reflect in the governance of Iran the values, the traditional culture, the historical heritage, the social order of the rural areas, and the provincial particularities or localisms. In its practices, Iran's forthcoming military establishment should combine tolerance for the Westernized Iranian Diaspora, vision for Iran's role in the world, and absence of religious ideology. After extensive consultations, numerous conferences, public debates, and active participation of people from all the walks of life, a series of referenda will help bring forth a totally new form of governance fully supported by all the people of Iran.
Meanwhile, the transient military regime of Iran will have to make it clear to every Iranian that there cannot be national sovereignty without a deeply decolonized and de-Westernized national education which must be based on truthful evaluation and accurate representation of the nation's historical past and heritage. It is degenerate, despicable and ridiculous for the anti-Iranian and pseudo-Islamic regime of the ignorant and illiterate ayatollahs to pretend that they defend the rights of the Palestinians without first protecting the majestic past of Iran from all the Western academic distortions, Orientalist denigrations, colonial historiographical clichés, constant references to fallacious sources (such as Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus, etc.), and the bogus-scholarly interpretational schemes, divides, and cases of foremost anti-Iranian and anti-Oriental racism due to inferior 'Ancient Greek' authors, the likes of Aeschylus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Plato, Aristotle, and others.
Instead of mobilizing the entire world against the colonial forgeries of Hellenism, Classicism, Greco-Roman civilization, Judeo-Christian heritage, as per which the world is divided into two parts, namely "the Civilized West" and the "Barbarian Orient", the silly ayatollahs played the game of the English and the French colonials.
Without rejecting the present world order, which is based on the so-called Western European Renaissance and the ensued fallacies, the useless Islamic Republic played exactly the role ascribed to them by the Western colonizers; they became part of the problems that the Anglo-Saxon racists created in the Middle East.
VIII. There is no difference between Iran and Egypt when it comes to servility toward major colonial schemes.
I don't understand why you mention Egypt in the last sentence of your comment. All countries in the region are subservient to their Western colonial masters; there is no difference. Turkey, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, etc. are all controlled by the colonial countries, England, France, America and their satellites. All these so-called regional powerhouses have no proper national education, no decolonized and de-Westernized universities, no true national identity, and no cultural integrity. It is therefore totally absurd to supposedly fight for independence without a strong feeling of historicity that permeates the education and the entire society.
The same is also valid for the Palestinians, who never undertook a nation building process, simply because this was not the priority of their treacherous leaders who wanted to make money with their bogus-resistance against Israel. Otherwise, all Palestinians would be proud to know that their presence in Palestine antedates that of the Ancient Hebrews and that their ancestors came from Crete, Western Anatolia, and the South Balkans during the Sea Peoples Invasions. In fact, because of the ineptitude of their leaders, Palestinians remain a populace without true national consciousness.
Iran and Egypt are exactly at the same level in this regard. Just like Tehran, Cairo has always been, under khedivial, royal, military and republican administration, a docile and servile capital filled with empty words, useless threats, angry jargons, and unrealistic purposes. Irrevocably fooled with the nothingness of Pan-Arabism and the worthlessness of political islam, the Egyptian academic, intellectual, religious, military, economic and political elites never imagined that their foremost task would be to denounce at the international level and to eliminate at the local level the colonial forgeries of Hellenism, Classicism, Greco-Roman civilization, Judeo-Christian heritage, as per which the world is divided into two parts, namely "the Civilized West" and the "Barbarian Orient",
Actually, such things would be too difficult for theologically indoctrinated morons like Khomeini and uneducated fools like Gamal Abdel Nasser to comprehend.
As you see, you don't need to be Egyptian in order to reject the fallacious notions advanced by Ayatollah Khomeini. You need to be Iranian.
After all, why should a historian side with one or another state, when both fail to defend their historical heritage, national dignity, and cultural integrity?
To conclude I would say that a honest historian cannot possibly allow himself to be caught up in the fight among the Jesuits, the Freemasons, and the Zionists; even more so in the under-covered conflict between the UK and Israel, and in the clashes of their respective instruments, i.e. the Islamic Republic of Iran and Hamas.
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From Ferdowsi to the Seljuk Turks, Nizam al Mulk, Nizami Ganjavi, Jalal ad-Din Rumi & Haji Bektash
By Prof. Muhammet Şemsettin Gözübüyükoğlu (Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis)
Pre-publication of chapter XXIII of my forthcoming book “Turkey is Iran and Iran is Turkey – 2500 Years of indivisible Turanian – Iranian Civilization distorted and estranged by Anglo-French Orientalists”; chapter XXIII constitutes the Part Nine (Fallacies about the Golden Era of the Islamic Civilization). The book is made of 12 parts and 33 chapters.
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Read and download the chapter here:
Από τον Αφρασιάμπ στον Μιρζιγιόγιεφ: το Ουζμπεκιστάν Επίκεντρο Επενδύσεων στον Νέο Δρόμο του Μεταξιού
From Afrasiab to Mirziyoyev: Uzbekistan as the Epicenter of Foreign Investment in the New Silk Road
ΑΝΑΔΗΜΟΣΙΕΥΣΗ ΑΠΟ ΤΟ ΣΗΜΕΡΑ ΑΝΕΝΕΡΓΟ ΜΠΛΟΓΚ “ΟΙ ΡΩΜΙΟΙ ΤΗΣ ΑΝΑΤΟΛΗΣ”
Το κείμενο του κ. Νίκου Μπαϋρακτάρη είχε αρχικά δημοσιευθεί την 16η Απριλίου 2019. Ο κ. Μπαϋρακτάρης παρουσιάζει στοιχεία, προσεγγίσεις και επισημάνσεις από τμήμα διάλεξής μου, η οποία δόθηκε στο Καζακστάν τον Ιανουάριο του 2019 σχετικά με τους αρχαίους και νέους Δρόμους του Μεταξιού, την Κεντρική Ασία, και την αξία της ως κομβικού σημείου της Παγκόσμιας Οικονομίας.
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https://greeksoftheorient.wordpress.com/2019/04/16/από-τον-αφρασιάμπ-στον-μιρζιγιόγιεφ-τ/ ===============
Οι Ρωμιοί της Ανατολής – Greeks of the Orient
Ρωμιοσύνη, Ρωμανία, Ανατολική Ρωμαϊκή Αυτοκρατορία
Ανάμεσα στις πέντε παλιές σοβιετικές κεντρασιατικές (Ουζμπεκιστάν, Καζακστάν, Τουρκμενιστάν, Κιργιζία και Τατζικιστάν), η χώρα των Ογούζων (Ογούζ και Ουζ) Τούρκων είναι αναμφίβολα η κεντρική δύναμη.
Χρειάστηκε να χρησιμοποιήσει όλη του την ευφυΐα ο ιδρυτής και πρώην πρόεδρος του Καζακστάν Νουρσουλτάν Ναζαρμπάγιεφ, ώστε να ανατραπεί αυτό το δεδομένο.
Ο Αφρασιάμπ σε απεικόνιση χειρογράφου
Και χρειάστηκε επίσης να ακολουθήσει τον δρόμο της απομόνωσης και της υπανάπτυξης ο επί 25 χρόνια (1991 – 2016) πρώην πρόεδρος του Ουζμπεκιστάν, Ισλάμ Καρίμοφ, ώστε να μετατραπεί το Καζακστάν στην μεγαλύτερη και πιο αναπτυγμένη κεντρασιατική οικονομία. Μετά την άνοδο του πρώην πρωθυπουργού Σεφκάτ Μιρζιγιόγιεφ (Shavkat Mirziyoyev) στην προεδρία του Ουζμπεκιστάν, η Τασκένδη άρχισε την προσπάθεια να προλάβει τον βόρειο γείτονα από κάθε άποψη.
Σεφκάτ Μιρζιγιόγιεφ
Η αλήθεια είναι ότι, αν και με μικρότερη έκταση (450000 τχ αντί 2750000 τχ), το Ουζμπεκιστάν έχει διπλάσιο πληθυσμό του Καζακστάν (35 εκ. έναντι 18 εκ.). Αυτά τα δεδομένα δεν δίνουν την πλήρη εικόνα ωστόσο.
Πρέπει να προστεθεί ότι στο Ουζμπεκιστάν οι Ουζμπέκοι αποτελούν το 84% του πληθυσμού, ενώ στο Καζακστάν οι Καζάκοι δεν ξεπερνάνε το 66% του πληθυσμού της χώρας). Το Ουζμπεκιστάν έχει σχεδόν τον ίδιο πληθυσμό με το Αφγανιστάν – το κατ’ εξοχήν παράδειγμα προς αποφυγήν στην περιοχή.
Ισλάμ Καρίμοφ: 25 χρόνια απραγίας, κεντρικού ελέγχου κι απομονωτισμού
Εξάλλου, ιστορικά, στην τεράστια έκταση από την Κασπία Θάλασσα μέχρι το Ξιάν, την πιο σημαντική αυτοκρατορική πρωτεύουσα της Κίνας, ο χώρος που επέχει σήμερα το Ουζμπεκιστάν αποτελεί τον πιο κεντρικό πολιτισμικά χώρο.
Στην επικράτεια της Τασκένδης περιλαμβάνονται εκτάσεις της Βακτριανής (που αντιστοιχεί κυρίως με το βόρειο Αφγανιστάν), της Σογδιανής, των Τοχάρων (Τούρκων γνωστών ως Γιουεζί στα κινεζικά κείμενα που έστησαν την αυτοκρατορία του Κουσάν), και της Υπερωξειανής (των εκτάσεων ανατολικά του Ώξου).
Και στα ισλαμικά χρόνια καμμιά άλλη κεντρασιατική χώρα δεν ανέπτυξε παγκοσμίως κορυφαία πολιτισμικά κέντρα τόσο σημαντικά όσο η Σαμαρκάνδη, η Μπουχάρα ή η Χίβα.
Ανάμεσα στην Κασπία και την Ανατολική Σιβηρία, το μόνο πολιτισμικό αντίβαρο στο Ουζμπεκιστάν ήταν το Ανατολικό Τουρκεστάν (δηλαδή η τεράστια βορειοδυτική επαρχία Σινκιάν της σημερινής Κίνας): οι Ουϊγούροι είναι άλλωστε το πιο κοντινό φύλο στους Ουζμπέκους, όπως η πρώτη συλλαβή των δυο εθνικών ονομάτων εμφαντικά δείχνει.
Δίπλα τους οι Τουρκμένοι ή οι Κιργίζιοι ή οι Καζάκοι δείχνουν λίγο ‘χωριάτες’.
Ακόμη και σήμερα, όπου και να βρεθεί κάποιος στην Κεντρική Ασία εκτός του Ουζμπεκιστάν, στην Αλμάτυ (την παλιά πρωτεύουσα του Καζακστάν) ή στην Νουρσουλτάν (όπως πλέον λέγεται η νέα πρωτεύουσα του Καζακστάν, γνωστή μέχρι προ τινος ως Αστάνα στα ρωσσικά και Αστανά στα καζακικά), στην Ασγκαμπάτ (Τουρκμενιστάν) ή στην Μπισκέκ (Κιργιζία), στην Ντουσαμπέ (Τατζικιστάν) ή στην Καμπούλ (Αφγανιστάν), πολιτισμός σημαίνει (ανάμεσα σε πολλά άλλα) κορυφαία μαγειρική, και αναμφίβολα όλοι θα τρέξουν σε ένα ‘ουζμπεκικό εστιατόριο’.
Και με το δίκιο τους.
Αντίθετα από το Καζακστάν που απέκτησε την νέα πρωτεύουσά του στα τέλη του 20ου αιώνα, το Ουζμπεκιστάν την απέκτησε στις αρχές του αιώνα!
Η Τασκένδη έγινε το 1918 πρωτεύουσα της Αυτόνομης ΣΣΔ του Τουρκεστάν, επειδή η Σαμαρκάνδη, αν και απείρως πιο σημαντική, είχε θεωρηθεί περισσότερο ως τόπος ισλαμικών αναμνήσεων κι αντίδρασης στο τότε νεοπαγές σοβιετικό καθεστώς.
Ό,τι ήταν η Άγκυρα για την Τουρκία του Κεμάλ Ατατούρκ, ήταν η Τασκένδη για το σοβιετικό καθεστώς.
Ωστόσο, η Τοσκέντ (Ташкент / Toshkent) έχει μια μεγάλη ιστορία και ως Λίθινος Πύργος αναφέρεται από τον Πτολεμαίο Γεωγράφο ως καθοριστικό σημείο στους αρχαίους δρόμους του Μεταξιού (και ως Turris Lapidea από τους Ρωμαίους ιστορικούς και γεωγράφους).
Οι Δρόμοι του Μεταξιού ήταν ένα περίπλοκο σύστημα εναλλακτικών δρόμων διά ξηράς και δι’ ερήμου που συνέδεαν την Μεσοποταμία με την Κίνα ακόμη και σε πρώιμες εποχές, τότε που δεν είχαν αναπτυχθεί ως πολιτισμοί οι Χιττίτες, οι Χαναανίτες κι οι Μυκηναίοι της 2ης προχριστιανικής χιλιετίας ή οι Φοίνικες, οι Έλληνες, οι Ρωμαίοι, οι Πέρσες κι οι Ινδοί της 1ης προχριστιανικής χιλιετίας.
Ευρήματα κι ανασκαφές στο Τεπέ Σιάλκ του σημερινού βόρειου Ιράν δείχνουν ότι Σουμέριοι κι Ελαμίτες της 4ης προχριστιανικής χιλιετίας και των αρχών της 3ης προχριστιανικής χιλιετίας βρίσκονταν ήδη σε ανταγωνισμό για το ποιος θα ελέγξει τον διά της Κεντρικής Ασίας δρόμο προς την Κίνα.
Ο ανταγωνισμός στο ελεύθερο εμπόριο έφερε τους πολλούς εναλλακτικούς δρόμους. Σχετικά:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tepe_Sialk
Μετά τα αχαιμενιδικά χρόνια και την σύσταση από το Ιράν της πρώτης πραγματικά αχανούς αυτοκρατορίας από τα Βαλκάνια και την Ουκρανία μέχρι το Σουδάν κι από την Μεσόγειο μέχρι τα δυτικά άκρα του Ανατολικού Τουρκεστάν και την Βόρεια Ινδία, δόθηκε η δυνατότητα για ακόμη περισσότερους εναλλακτικούς δρόμους, εφόσον για πρώτη φορά αναμείχθηκαν οι χερσαίοι Δρόμοι του Μεταξιού με τους διά ξηράς, ερήμου και θαλάσσης Δρόμους των Μπαχαρικών και των Αρωμάτων (: λιβανωτών).
Όλοι οι πολιτισμοί που αναπτύχθηκαν στην Κεντρική Ασία σχετίσθηκαν με το Εμπόριο μεταξύ Δύσης και Ανατολής, και όσο οι αιώνες κι οι χιλιετίες περνούσαν, τόσο οι δρόμοι μεγάλωναν και οι απολήξεις του εμπορίου κατέληξαν να είναι τα ευρωπαϊκά και βορειο-αφρικανικά παράλια του Ατλαντικού στην μια περίπτωση και τα κινεζικά, ινδοκινεζικά κι ινδονησιακά παράλια του Ειρηνικού στην άλλη.
Σήμερα, η νέα πολιτική ηγεσία του Ουζμπεκιστάν έχει πάρει και ήδη εφαρμόζει την απόφαση εκμετάλλευσης προς όφελος της χώρας του τεράστιου κινεζικού προγράμματος Νέοι Δρόμοι του Μεταξιού (New Silk Road), γνωστού και ως The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) ή και One Belt One Road (OBOR).
Και αυτό έχει ήδη σημειωθεί από πολλούς επενδυτές σε πολλά μήκη και πλάτη της γης.
Σημειώνεται πλέον διεθνώς το Ουζμπεκιστάν ως προτιμώμενη χώρα για επενδύσεις σε πολλούς και ποικίλους τομείς.
Η επενδυτική ομάδα του σάιτ http://www.sovereignman.com μόλις σήμερα δημοσίευσε τις σχετικές δραστηριότητές της ενόψει μιας γενικώτερης στροφής των ιδρυτών και των συνεταίρων της προς την ανερχόμενη κεντρασιατική χώρα.
Δεν είναι η μόνη περίπτωση αλλά είναι ενδεικτική. Στο τέλος του κειμένου αναδημοσιεύω το σημερινό newsletter τους.
Έτσι, η εξαιρετική, φιλελεύθερη, οικονομική πολιτική του Σεφκάτ Μιρζιγιόγιεφ τον έχει μετατρέψει σε ένα νέο Αφρασιάμπ.
Αυτό το όνομα είναι το ιστορικό τουρκικό όνομα της Σαμαρκάνδης.
Αλλά είναι επίσης το όνομα του κορυφαίου Τουρανού ήρωα του ιρανικού έπους Σαχναμέ που συνέγραψε τον 10ο αιώνα ο Φερντοουσί.
Μένει να αποδειχθεί κατά πόσον θα μπορέσει ο νέος Αφρασιάμπ να φθάσει και να ξεπεράσει τον βαθμό οικονομικής ανάπτυξης και προόδου του γειτονικού Καζακστάν.
Για όσους ξέρουν την Κεντρική Ασία, όλα τα στοιχήματα είναι ανοικτά.
Τοιχογραφία από την Αφρασιάμπ στα χρόνια του Βαρχουμάν, βασιλιά της Σογδιανής γύρω στο 650 μ.Χ.
Σας προτείνω να ενημερωθείτε πριν ξαφνικά ακούσετε ότι η Τασκένδη είναι το δεύτερο κεντρασιατικό Ντουμπάι μετά την Νουρσουλτάν!
Οι εξελίξεις θα είναι τάχιστες – κάπως σαν τα κινεζικά τραίνα που θα εκμηδενίσουν την απόσταση ανάμεσα στην Κεντρική Ευρώπη και τα ασιατικά παράλια του Ειρηνικού.
Διαβάστε:
Strategic partnership between Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in context of region-wide development of Central Asia
https://astanatimes.com/2019/04/strategic-partnership-between-uzbekistan-and-kazakhstan-in-context-of-region-wide-development-of-central-asia/ (του Αμπντουλαζίζ Καμίλοφ, υπουργού Εξωτερικών του Ουζμπεκιστάν / 5-4-2019)
Uzbekistan Re-Energizing as Central Asia’s Traditional Hub for the Silk Belt and Road
https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2018/07/05/uzbekistan-re-energizing-central-asias-traditional-hub-silk-belt-road/
Silk Road Fund to support Uzbek oil and gas projects
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201806/09/WS5b1bd84fa31001b82571f188.html
This is the Right Time to invest in Uzbekistan
https://www.chuhai.edu.hk/sites/default/files/MrKhamraevUZAF.pdf
Uzbekistan’s investment program for 2019 includes projects $ 16.6B
https://www.azernews.az/region/143757.html
https://www.silkroadbriefing.com/news/2019/04/15/silk-road-development-weekly-april-15-2019/
Γενικώτερα:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Karimov
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan
http://www.uzbekembassy.in/presentation-of-the-project-on-the-great-silk-road-pearls-of-uzbekistan-in-almaty/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belt_and_Road_Initiative
Ιστορικά:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_Tower_(Ptolemy)
https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/countries-alongside-silk-road-routes/uzbekistan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocharians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuezhi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bactria
https://www2.kenyon.edu/Depts/Religion/Fac/Adler/Asia201/links201.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogdia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transoxiana
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silk_Road
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrasiyab_(Samarkand)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrasiab
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahnameh
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdowsi
Ταξιδιωτικά:
https://caravanistan.com/transport/train/
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Astonishing opportunities in one of the oldest cities in the world
By the time Alexander the Great and his Macedonian army conquered the city of Samarkand in 329 BC, the city had already existed for centuries.
Samarkand had been a prominent, vibrant regional capital in the Persian Empire prior to the Macedonians’ arrival.
And under Alexander the city flourished even more. He declared it one of the most majestic places he had ever been, and the city served as a critical outpost for his conquests in the region.
Even after Alexander’s death and the fall of the Macedonians, Samarkand retained its influence, serving for centuries as the epicenter of the trade between Eastern Asia and Europe.
It was conquered by a succession of Turks, Persians and Mongols before falling under the serfdom of Imperial Russia, and then the Soviet Union.
And after the fall of the USSR, Samarkand became part of Uzbekistan.
Granted, a lot of people don’t have a clue where Uzbekistan is, or much less care. But I’ll tell you– the country is on the verge of some very exciting (and rapid) changes.
Ever since the fall of the Soviet Union, Uzbekistan had been ruled by a corrupt dictator who isolated the country from the rest of the world.
(I know it’s hard to imagine a former Soviet republic being ruled by a corrupt dictator… but bear with me.)
His name was Islam Karimov. And, coincidentally, he died on September 2, 2016– exactly 25 years to the day that he initially took office as the first President of Uzbekistan in 1991.
After Karimov’s death, there was some speculation that his successor (Shavkat Mirziyoyev) would engage in the same corrupt, isolationism.
That turned out to be wrong.
President Mirziyoyev surprised everyone by establishing free-market reforms, floating the currency, and opening up the country to foreign investment.
I’ve been following the changes in the country over the past few years, and what I’m seeing is quite exciting.
Uzbekistan recently issued its first local hard currency bond – and it was multiple times oversubscribed.
So last month, I sent one of my top analysts over to the capital Tashkent to have a look at how we could get in on the ground floor of this change.
And his verdict is clear: Uzbekistan is ripe with opportunities.
The export sector is booming, due primarily to rock bottom labor costs and a government willing to play ball. So there are a lot of companies that are setting up manufacturing operations in the country.
And due to how isolated Uzbekistan had been for the past 25+ years, there are a lot of new products and services available in the local market for the first time ever.
It’s a bit like Myanmar– that country was isolated for decades, and its people had never even seen Coca Cola up until a few years ago.
Uzbekistan is in a similar position (though not as extreme), so a number of foreign products are being imported into the country and selling like hotcakes.
And for investors, valuations are quite inexpensive.
My analyst toured a number of companies (including some listed on the local stock market) and was amazed to find profitable, rapidly-growing, well-managed businesses that pay STRONG dividends that are selling for between 2-3 times their net income.
That’s practically unheard of, especially in the West where companies that lose billions of dollars each year trade for record sums.
As an example– one company my analyst looked at was in agriculture production.
Investors are currently able to buy shares at less than 3x earnings. And the company just landed a new deal with a large Russian conglomerate that will 10x their revenue over the next 12-24 months.
Buying this company at three times earnings would be an obvious bargain, especially when accounting for the immediate growth trajectory.
We aren’t just looking at public stocks and private businesses by the way. Newly built commercial real estate yields over 10% net cashflow without a penny of debt financing, there’s a lot of reason to expect prices will grow steadily for years.
There are also very compelling lending opportunities in the country.
When the government floated the currency three years ago, it led to a temporary spike in inflation.
To fight it, the Central Bank raised interest rates to 16%. And that’s where interest rates still sit today. And for businesses and individuals, borrowing rates can often reach 25%!
Naturally, the cost of borrowing money at those rates can be hard to justify for any business, so most transactions are done entirely in cash, without any debt.
Generally, the banking sector is still very underdeveloped, and financing is scarce.
That leaves a huge opportunity for outsiders to provide capital for growing businesses in the country – with sufficient downside protection.
Clearly, it is a unique idea to invest in a country undergoing potentially revolutionary positive changes. But looking at the past, countries that have taken similar steps, like Georgia, the Baltic countries, or even Singapore, have come out way ahead, and greatly rewarded early movers.
I’ll be talking a lot more about Uzbekistan, and what we find there, in the weeks and months to follow.
https://www.sovereignman.com/trends/astonishing-opportunities-in-one-of-the-oldest-cities-in-the-world-24951/
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Κατεβάστε την αναδημοσίευση σε Word doc.:
https://www.slideshare.net/MuhammadShamsaddinMe/ss-250693324
https://issuu.com/megalommatis/docs/from_afrasiab_to_mirziyoyev.docx
https://vk.com/doc429864789_621500849
https://www.docdroid.net/CTdD2wM/apo-ton-afrasiamp-ston-mirzighioghief-to-oyzmpekistan-epikentro-ependyseon-ston-neo-dromo-toy-metaksiou-docx
Nereid
Cosmetic box in the shape of a scallop shell, second half of the 3rd century BC., silver (from "Tomba degli Ori di Canosa")
National Archaeological Museum of Taranto Inv. 22429-22430
Iran–Turan, Manichaeism & Islam during the Migration Period and the Early Caliphates
By Prof. Muhammet Şemsettin Gözübüyükoğlu (Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis)
Pre-publication of chapter XVI of my forthcoming book “Turkey is Iran and Iran is Turkey – 2500 Years of indivisible Turanian – Iranian Civilization distorted and estranged by Anglo-French Orientalists”; chapters XIV, XV and XVI belong to Part Five (Fallacies about Sassanid History, History of Religions, and the History of Migrations). The book is made of 12 parts and 33 chapters.
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Hsiung-nu soldier from Saksanokhur, Tajikistan
However, soon afterwards, Europe faced two major threats that lasted many centuries: the Islamic armies and the Manichaean subversion. Despite their ferocity and their conquests, at a certain point the Islamic armies were stopped either in Western or in Eastern Europe. But the Manichaean tidal wave that hit Europe back was disproportional and beyond any expectation. Starting from the Eastern Roman Empire and the entire Caucasus region and as early as the 7th c. CE, the Paulicians triggered an enormous religious, social and imperial destabilization across vast lands. The famous Eastern Roman Akritai, i.e. the imperial Eastern Roman guards and frontal forces against the Islamic Caliphate, were – all – Paulicians, having rejected the Christian Orthodox Constantinopolitan theology. Digenes Akritas, the Eastern Roman Empire's greatest hero and Modern Greeks' most revered and foremost legendary figure was a Paulician, not an Orthodox.
Constantinopolitan patriarchs, emperors and theologians persistently described the Paulicians as Manichaeans; they used the same term also for the Iconoclasts. This does not mean that these religious, spiritual and esoteric systems of faith were 'Manichaean' stricto sensu, but they were definitely formed under determinant Manichaean impact. The same concerns the Bogomiles across the Balkans, Central and Western Europe, starting in the 10th c., the Cathars across Western Europe from the 12th c. onwards, and also many other religious, spiritual and esoteric systems that derived from the aforementioned.
The Muslim friends, partners and associates of the Paulicians were also groups formed under strong Manichaean impact and historically viewed as such; known as Babakiyah or Khurramites or Khorram-dinan, the 8th c. religious group setup by Sunpadh and led in the 9th c. by Babak Khurramdin made an alliance with the Eastern Roman Emperor Theophilos (829-842), an outstanding Iconoclast, and not only repeatedly revolted against the Abbasid Caliphate but also fought along with the Eastern Roman army in 837 in the Anti-Taurus Mountains to recapture Melitene (Malatya), and on many other occasions. The Khurramite commander Nasir and 14000 Iranian Khurramite rebels had no problem in being baptized Iconoclast Christians and taking Greek names (Nasir became then known as Theophobos), which shows the Manichaean origins and affinities of the Iconoclasts and the Khurramites.
The state of the Paulicians
The massacre of the Paulicians
Kale-ye Babak, the impregnable castle of the Babakiyah (or Khurramites) near Kaleybar – East Azerbaijan, Iran
Afshin brings Babak as captive in Samarra. from a manuscript miniature of the Safavid times
Babak Khorramdin statue from Babek city in Nakhchivan province of Azerbaijan
Within the context of early Islamic caliphates, the Manicheans prospered, definitely marked by their superiority in terms of spirituality, letters, sciences, philosophy and cosmology. It was relatively easy for them to reinterpret the Quran as a Manichaean scripture; it was totally impossible for the uneducated and naïve early Muslims to oppose Manicheans in open debate or to outfox Manichaean interpretative schemes. Among the leading Muslim erudite polymaths, mystics, poets and translators of the early period of Islamic Civilization (7th – 8th c.), many defended all major pillars of the Manichaean doctrine and even the dualist dogma; Ibn al Muqaffa is an example. The illustrious translator of the Middle Persian literary masterpiece Kalila wa Dimna into Arabic was a crypto-Manichaean Muslim, and surely he was not the only. Ibn al Muqaffa was executed as per the order of Caliph al-Mansur (754-775), but the first persecution of the Manicheans started only under the Caliph al-Mahdi (775-785); however, this was the time many groups and movements or Manichean origin started openly challenging Islam and the Caliphate in every sense. However, it is noteworthy that the greatest Caliph of all times, Harun al Rashid (786-809), had a very tolerant and friendly stance toward Manicheans of all types.
Abu’l Abbas al-Saffah proclaimed as the first Abbasid Caliph: the Abbasid dynasty opened the door for a cataclysmic Iranian cultural, intellectual, academic, scientific and spiritual impact on the Muslim world.
However, it is only as late as the time of Caliph al-Muqtadir (908-932) that the Manicheans, persecuted in the Caliphate, left Mesopotamia in big numbers, making of Afrasiab (Samarqand) and Central Asia the center of their faith, life and activities. This was not a coincidence; many Turanians had already been long date enthusiastic Manichean converts and adepts, whereas several Manichaean monuments unearthed in Central Asia date back to the 4th c. At the time of al-Mansur, the Uyghur Khaqan (: Emperor) Boku Tekin accepted Manichaeism as official state religion in 763; the Uyghur Khaqanate stretched from the Tian Shan mountains and the Lake Balkhash (today's Kazakhstan) to the Pacific. For more than one century, Manichaeism was the state religion across the entire Northeastern Asia.
During the same time, Manichaeism was diffused in Tibet and China. Similarly with what occurred in the Islamic Caliphate, Manicheans in Tibet and China had it easy to reinterpret Buddhism in Manichaean terms. As a matter of fact, Chinese Buddhism is full of Manichaean impregnations. For this reason, several anti-Buddhist Chinese emperors (like Wuzong of Tang in the period 843-845) confused the Manicheans with the Buddhists and persecuted them too. However, Manichaeism was for many centuries a fundamental component and a critical parameter of all social, spiritual, intellectual and religious developments in China. And this was due to the incessant interaction of Turanians and Iranians across Asia. About:
During the Sassanid and early Islamic periods, the central provinces of Iran had to embrace many Turanian newcomers. This was one of the numerous Turanian waves that the Iranian plateau and its periphery had to welcome across the millennia. A vast and critical topic of the World History that was excessively distorted and systematically misrepresented across various disciplines of the Humanities is the chapter of the major Eurasiatic Migrations. Various distorting lenses have been used in this regard. It is surely beyond the scope of the present chapter to outline this subject, but I must at least mention it with respect to the persistent Orientalist efforts to divide and dissociate Iranian from Turanian nations across several millennia.
If one accepts naively the 'official' dogma of Western colonial historiography, one imagines that all the world's major civilizations (Sumerians, Elamites, Akkadians-Assyrians/Babylonians, Egyptians, Cushites-Sudanese, Hittites, Hurrians, Urartu, Phoenicians, Iranians, Greeks, Romans, Dravidians, Chinese, etc.) were automatically popped up and instantly formed by settled populations. Modern historians, who compose this sort of nonsensical narratives, are monstrous gangsters intending to desecrate human civilization and to extinguish human spirituality. All civilizations were started by nomads, and there was always a time when all indigenous nations (each of them in its own turn) were migrants.
But modern Western historians intentionally and criminally misrepresent the major Eurasiatic Migrations in a most systematic and most sophisticated manner, by only introducing - partly and partially - aspects of this overwhelming and continual phenomenon, like spices on gourmet dishes. I do not imply that the Eurasiatic Migrations were the only to have happened or to have mattered; there were also important migrations in Africa, the Pacific, and the continent of the Aztecs, the Mayas and the Incas. However, I limit the topic to the migrations that are relevant to the History of Iran and Turan. So, those who study Ancient Roman History are customarily told that, 'although everything was fine and civilized Romans prospered in peace', suddenly some iniquitous barbarians arrived to invade Roman lands and to embarrass the civilized settled populations altogether; this type of bogus-historical presentations is a Crime against the Mankind, because it distorts the foremost reality of human history, namely that we have all been migrants.
There is no worst bigotry worldwide than that of settled populations.
Yet, every manual of history would be easily rectified, if few extra chapters were added, at the beginning and during the course of the narration, to offer an outline of parallel developments occurred in the wider and irrevocbly indivisible Eurasia.
The discriminatory, truly racist, manner by which the civilized migrants are presented in various manuals of (Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Cushitic, Anatolian, Roman, Greek, European, Russian, Iranian, Dravidian, and Chinese) History helps only reinstate the vicious and immoral axiom that 'History is written by the victors'. Every historian, who does not consciously write in an objective manner to reveal the truth and to reject the paranoia of the aforementioned adage, is an enemy of the Mankind.
Beyond the aforementioned points, many historians today will try to find an excuse, saying that, by writing about let's say the so-called 'barbarian invasions of the Roman Empire', they intentionally reflect the Roman viewpoint, because they rely on Roman historical sources. This could eventually be accepted, if stated in 1820, when the modern science of history had not advanced much, and only few archaeological excavations had taken place. But if this is seriously expressed as an apology today, it constitutes an outrage. The least one can say to these forgers is that they must first obtain an interdisciplinary degree, before publishing their nonsensical manual, or – alternatively - study several paperbacks on the History of the Migrant Nations (in this case: Huns, Vandals, Goths, etc.).
An even greater mistake that modern historians make is that they present the continual phenomenon of Eurasiatic migrations in a most fragmentary manner; this creates, by means of Nazi propaganda, the wrong idea and the distorted impression that all of a sudden, every now and then, new migrants appear in the horizon, coming out of the vast Asiatic 'nowhere'. This is an aberration and a fallacy. The absurd factoid, which is deceitfully called "Invasions of the Roman Empire" and is peremptorily dated between 100 CE and 500 CE, is merely an academic fabrication. Why?
First, there were incessant migrations before and after the said period.
Second, the aforementioned factoid is a fallacy due to the fact that, during the same period, other migrations took also place, but the specialists in Roman History do not mention (or even do not know) them; however, these migrations (that they fail to even name) constitute intertwined phenomena with those that they present in their manuals, and consequently their presentation is a conscious and plain distortion.
Third, the events are always portrayed as a menace of barbarism, as breach of Roman legitimacy, and as violation of a hypothetical right of the Roman Empire to exist. This is an outrage; the Roman Empire was not a sacrosanct institution. In many aspects, its lawless formation, barbaric expansion, and bloody wars constitute some of the World History's bleakest pages. But criminal colonial historians never discussed 'unpleasant' topics with the correct terminology; they did not write for instance about the barbarian Roman demolition of Carthage, the monstrous Roman sack of Corinth, the savage Roman invasion of Seleucid Syria or the lawless Roman annexation of Egypt.
This is the disgusting bias of the Western colonial historiographers: when a negative development takes place against Rome, it is 'bad'; and quite contrarily, when an undesirable occurrence happens to others, it is 'good'. And in order to represent this vicious bias as 'historical truth', they mobilize a great intellectual effort, involving many methods. In this regard, the Eurasiatic migrations are absurdly fractured into many parts, and many of these parts are deliberately concealed, when focus is made on only one of them. The pseudo-academic methods involved to disguise and conceal the topic are numerous.
First, some migrations are not presented as such, but named after the migrant nations; examples: Scythians, Sarmatians, Celts. And yet, these nations are basically known due to their migrations across vast lands.
Second, other migrations are not mentioned as such, but called after the name of the location where excavations brought to light the material remains of a migrant nation's civilization; example: Andronovo culture, Afanasievo culture, etc.
Third, several migrant nations of different origin are regrouped after the geography where they spread; this is totally paranoid, because no one can possibly 'regroup' the Vandals, who crossed Central and Western Europe, reached North Africa, settled in Hippo Regius and Carthage, and then attacked Greece, Sicily, Rome, Sardinia, Corsica and the Iberian coastlands, with the Huns, who crossed Siberia, Russia, and Ukraine, settled in Eastern Europe and attacked the Balkans, Italy and Gaul.
Fourth, several migrant nations are dissociated from one another migrant nation of the same ethnic origin (example: Huns and Turkic nations), whereas in cases of severe distortion, different names of the same nation, attested in diverse historical sources, are tentatively presented as names of two different nations (example: Huns and Hsiung nu whose name is erroneously spelled Xiongnu).
Fifth, several parts of migrant nations are arbitrarily dissociated from their ethnic counterparts and presented separately as settled nations (example: White Huns or Hephthalites).
Sixth, the ethnic origin of several migrant nations is confusingly presented (example: the Bulgars, who were a Turkic nation, are often included in Europe's 'Migration Period' and categorized along with Slavs, whereas they should have been mentioned in the 'Turkic migrations'!).
To the aforementioned inaccuracies, distortions and prejudices, a plethora of false maps is added to comfortably reduce the size of kingdoms, empires and nations whose existence did not happen to please the discriminatory minds of the perverse Anglo-French and American colonial historians.
The end result of this systematization of Western colonial falsehood is that great and highly civilized conquerors and emperors like Attila, Genghis Khan, Hulagu Khan, Kublai Khan, Timur Lenk and others appear as mysterious meteorites, who came from "nowhere", as barbarian invaders, and a "scourges of God", whereas in reality they all (and many others) were far more educated, more cultured, more competent and more heroic than any Greek, Macedonian, Roman or European king or general. To the aforementioned historical reality additional, deceitful tactics and insidious procedures have been added by the criminal, racist, Western European and North American 'historians': they definitely proved to be able to write 100000 words to deplore the destructions supposedly caused to the Human Civilization by Attila, Genghis Khan, Hulagu Khan, and others, but when they happen to write about the fact that Alexander the Great burned Persepolis, they remain malignantly and partially silent, abstaining from any due criticism.
King Attila with the Turul bird in his shield (Chronicon Pictum, 1358)
It would be far easier for all to tell the truth: 'Asia is Turan' for most of its territory. And the moral lesson must be drawn: the existence of a 'state' is not a reason for anyone not to invade its lands. States are not sacrosanct; and in any case, the territory occupied by the nation that setup the local state, in all cases of historical states, was also invaded by the ancestors of that nation in the first place.
The biased Western colonial historians carry out all these distortions as tasks in order to promote the lawless interests of their own disreputable states; for this reason they always concealed the following unwavering reality: throughout World History, various fundamental concepts like 'land', 'state', 'nation', 'sacred place', etc. have had different connotations among nations of nomadic migrants and nations of settled populations.
Furthermore, several fundamental concepts, which are valid among settled nations, have no validity at all among nomads and migrant nations, and vice versa. In addition, some basic concepts that exist among nomads and migrant nations start being altered and becoming different if and when these nations happen to settle somewhere 'permanently'. The concept of 'universe' and the deriving imperative of 'universalism' are fundamental notions of nomads and migrant nations; notably, the Akkadians (early Assyrians – Babylonians), who first produced significant literary narratives to detail the concept, were also a migrant nation that had settled only few centuries before writing down in cuneiform texts their world views.
The History of Eurasiatic Migrations, in and by itself, highlights the extensive presence of Turanians in Iran since times immemorial. Thanks to the Turanians of the Achaemenid Empire, the Turkic nations of Central Asia, China and Siberia came to get detailed descriptions of faraway regions and lands, such as Mesopotamia, Syria-Palestine, the Caucasus Mountains, the Anatolian plateau, the plains of Ukraine and Central Europe, the Balkan Peninsula, and Egypt. Consequently, further the interaction between Iran and Rome progressed, more details about the western confines of Europe reached the Turanian nomads who were moving around Lake Balkhash (Kazakhstan), Yenisey River and Baikal Lake (Siberia), Orkhon River (Mongolia), the Tarim Basin (China), the Oymyakon River (Yakutia, Eastern Siberia) and other circumferences. The incessant waves of migrations to the West and to the South were not blind and desperate movements of uninformed barbarians, who ran like crazy on their horses; only the distorted publications of Western colonial historians contain similar, nonsensical conclusions.
The pattern of the Turanian military horsemen and skillful soldiers is absolutely prominent and protruding in the History of the Early Caliphates; but it is merely the continuation of a millennia long tradition. This consists in a very embarrassing fact for all the Western Orientalists specializing in Early Islamic History, and more particularly with focus on the 8th c. CE, the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate, and the rise of Abbasid Baghdad. They therefore constantly come up with incredible assumptions, farfetched arguments, nonsensical explanations, and sly innuendos to explain how and why so many Turanian soldiers and military heads appear in the Islamic Caliphate. In fact, without Turanian military skills, the Umayyad dynasty of Damascus may have not been overthrown.
It is well known that the early Islamic armies advanced up to Merv in today's Turkmenistan (651) and they stopped there. For the next hundred years, the only Islamic advance in Asia was effectuated only in today's Baluchistan province of Pakistan; only at the end of the 7th c. and the beginning of the 8th c., the Islamic armies reached the Indus Delta and Gujarat. But how the Islamic Caliphate started being flooded with Turanian soldiers as early as the last decades of the Umayyad rule, if there had not already been massive Turanian populations in the Sassanid Empire of Iran? If the Turanian nations were confined 'somewhere in Eastern Siberia and Mongolia' (as per the distortions of colonial Orientalists), why did they appear to be so deeply involved in battles and developments that took place in Mesopotamia and Syria during the first half of the 8th c.? The answer to this question is very simple: there were always massive Turanian populations in the Pre-Islamic Iranian empires.
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Download the chapter in PDF here:
Animals, Precious Stones, Coins, and Musical Instruments (recto); Animals, Birds, and Plants (verso), 1341, Cleveland Museum of Art: Islamic Art
This is one of several pages that were removed from a unique manuscript of this otherwise unknown work, which bears a colophon stating that it was written by the author and finished “Ramadan, 741” (February 1341). Illustrations on both sides include various animals, trees, and objects such as weapons, musical instruments, and jewels. Size: Overall: 19.7 x 13.5 cm (7 ¾ x 5 5/16 in.) Medium: opaque watercolor, ink and gold on paper
https://clevelandart.org/art/1945.385
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